实验地貌的动态观测装置

A device to measure dynamic process of slope erosion

实验地貌的动态观测对于研究沟坡的侵蚀过程和发生机制具有重要意义。在介绍实验地貌动态观测装置——MX-2010-G型地貌仪的基础上,采用传统钢尺+水准仪观测方法以及地貌仪测量方法,测量同一坡体的体积,以率定地貌仪的观测精度。结果表明:对于5组不同坡度、体积约为2.4万cm3的沟坡模型,地貌仪测量的体积相对误差可以控制在±10%以内,其中绝对值最大相对误差为9.0%,绝对值最小误差为-0.4%;对于120 cm×140 cm范围内的坡面,10个检查点空间坐标在x、y、z 3个方向上的均方误差平均值分别为0.99、0.84和0.42 cm;在6个断面测点系列高程值线性回归分析中,回归系数b与相关系数R2值均接近于1。结果表明,该地貌仪能够对沟坡微地貌的变化过程进行精确的观测。

Dynamic observation of experimental topography is important for research of erosion process and mechanism.This study presents a device,MX-2010-G topography meter,to measure the dynamic erosion processes,and compares the results on the same slope observed by the device and other conventional meters,respectively.A series of detailed tests on the observing performance of the device were operated.For the landform model with volume of 24 000 cm3 and different slope gradients,the relative errors of observed volume can be controlled within ±10%,of which the maximum absolute error is 9.0%,and the minimum absolute error is-0.4%.In the range of 120 cm×140 cm,the coordinate errors of ten selected points for x,y,and z axis are 0.99,0.84 and 0.42 cm,respectively.In the linear regression analysis for elevations of the selected points in the 6 sections,both of the regression coefficient b and relevant coefficient R2 are close to 1.As a conclusion,the MX-2010-G topography meter may be used for precise measurement on the gully wall.