对保险消费者概念的商榷——兼论保险相对人权益保护范式的选择

The Concept of Insurance Consumer and the Choice of Consumer Protection Paradigms

在全球金融危机背景下于2009年修订并实施的新《保险法》,对保险相对人的权益保护受到了社会各界最大程度的关注,"保险消费者"的概念在保险法学界引起了热烈讨论,体现出我国《保险法》在立法理念和保护范式选择上的分歧与争议。学者和实务界人士对此提出了肯定说、否定说和衡平说三种观点。本文认为,"保险消费者"概念的提出在当前特定背景下确有其积极意义,但将保险相对人的保护纳入消费者保护法制的轨道存在诸多问题,概念内涵上无法覆盖,权利构造上难以契合,法律精神上缺少共鸣,制度运行上易出现排异反应。无需完全摒弃现有的保险当事人利益衡平保护理论与制度,而在"保险消费者"概念下重塑保险相对人的保护范式。从根本而言,对于保险相对人权益的切实有效保护,仍应在保险法的制度框架中寻求。

Although putting forward the concept of ＂insurance consumer＂ in current specific context has its positive significance, we see many problems arising from bringing the protection of insurance relative party into the consumer law system. In fact, the two concepts of ＂insurance consumer＂ and ＂insurance relative party＂ do not contain each other or share the same structure of legal rights. In addition, there is lack of a common ground in the principle, which may result in rejection and mismatch in the legal system functioning. It is neither reasonable nor necessary to get rid of existing theories and systems of the equal protection paradigms and restructure it under the ＂insurance consumer＂ concept. It is concluded in this paper that the effective and substantial protection of insurance relative parties＇ rights shall eventually he achieved by traversing the path of insurance laws.