北京市成人流感样症状发生情况及危险因素分析

Analysis on the risk factors and the prevalence of influenza-like symptoms among adults in Beijing City

目的了解北京市成人流感样症状现状及其影响因素,为预防控制流感样症状提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层抽样,抽取北京市6个区县13 008名年满18周岁居民作为调查对象,使用自行设计的问卷进行调查,内容包括:一般人口学特征、过去1年是否出现流感样症状和日常行为习惯等。结果 13 008名调查对象过去1年中流感样症状报告率为46.67%。多因素非条件Logistic逐步回归分析结果显示,坚持锻炼身体、洗手方式正确、到医院戴口罩和共用毛巾洗脸是流感样症状发生的影响因素,OR(95%CI)分别为0.857(0.788～0.932)、0.871(0.804～0.944)、0.853(0.777～0.936)和1.524(1.403～1.655)。结论北京市成人流感样症状报告率较高,已成为影响居民健康的公共卫生问题,坚持锻炼身体、洗手方式正确、到医院戴口罩等良好行为习惯是流感样症状发生的保护因素,共用毛巾洗脸是其危险因素。

Objective To study the prevalence of influenza-like symptoms and associated risk factors among adults in Beijing City,so as to provide evidence for the prevention and control of influenza.Methods 13 008 residents aged over 18 years old were recruited by using multi-level sampling from six districts in Beijing.The information on demographic characteristics,influenza-like symptoms and daily habits were collected using the self-designed questionnaire.Results The prevalence of influenza-like symptoms among the respondents was 46.67%.Four influential factors were included in the multivariate Logistic regression analysis model： taking exercise regularly,proper handwashing,mask-use and towels-sharing,with the odds ratio（95%CI） being 0.857（0.788~0.932）,0.871（0.804~0.944）,0.853（0.777~0.936） and 1.524（1.403~1.655）,respectively.Conclusions Influenza-like symptoms were prevalent among adults and became a major problem of public health in Beijing City.Recommendations for the prevention of increased risk of influenza infections are listed as follows,such as taking regular exercise,proper handwashing.