承认“秦剧”并重构其体系的思考

Recognizing the Qin Drama and Reconstructing its system

西北戏曲的"龙头"秦腔与同地起源的"眉户"等诸多小剧种的定位模糊,秦腔一直担当着"以腔代剧"的角色,包含了"眉户"等不同声腔的剧种。与秦腔称谓并行的"秦剧"称谓早已存在,无论从剧种、声腔源流衍进趋势还是当代文化价值取向看,"秦剧"应该得到承认。重构"秦剧体系"既是对古老秦腔与诸多秦地小剧种的地位的肯定,又是应对流行文化冲击和多元化艺术挑战的一项理智选择。"秦剧体系"应是以秦腔为主的多声腔并存机制,借鉴川剧的"昆、高、胡、弹、灯"的剧种分法,"秦剧"应包含"腔(含秦腔、阿宫腔、弦板腔、碗碗腔、皮黄腔(汉调二黄)等)、曲(含眉户、东、西府曲子等)、调(含陕南越调、西秦"咙咚调"、陇东调、劝善调等)、歌(含秧歌剧、陕北民歌剧等)、戏(含线胡戏、弦子戏、跳戏等)"不同剧种。

The difference between the Qin Opera and the Mei-hu Opera is always blurred,with the former encompassing all the minor local operas in Shaanxi.And while the Qin Opera remains,the Qin Drama has long existed.Considering its values,we need to recognize its existence and reconstruct the system of the Qin Drama so that other minor local operas can find their places in the competition from the popular culture.The Qin Drama system should include all varieties of the Qin Opera,by following the example of the Sichuan Opera.