运动技能形成的生物学基础与阶段性特征

The Biological Basis and the Stage Characteristics of Forming Motor Skills

随着神经科学的发展,在突触的水平上来解释运动技能的形成过程已经成为可能。由于在重构神经环路与合成新蛋白质的过程中突触的适应性变化具有一定的规律性,从而在运动技能的形成过程中也表现出相对稳定的阶段性特征。以突触的可塑性和卫星细胞在发育中获得张力的生物力学特征为基础,将运动技能的形成过程分为敏感化、习惯化和自动化三个阶段。

With the development of neuroscience, it becomes possible that explaining the skills in the synaptic level. Because there is certain regularity in the synaptic adaptive changes formation of motor during reconstruc- tion of neural circuits and synthesis of new proteins, as a result, the regularity of relatively stable is showed in the process of forming motor skills. Based on the synaptic plasticity and the biomechanical characteristics of ob- taining tension in the growth of satellite cells, the process of forming motor skills is divided into three stages： sensitization, habituation and automation.