无甘油副产生物柴油的组分分析及其燃烧性能

Analysis and Combustion of Biodiesel Prepared by Transesterification of Palm Oil Without By-Product Glycerol

以氢氧化钾为催化剂催化棕榈油和新型甲酯化试剂MC进行酯交换反应制备生物柴油,采用气相色谱和气质联用的方法对反应产物进行了定性、定量分析。分析结果表明,由该工艺制得的生物柴油由主产物脂肪酸甲酯和副产物甘油碳酸酯组成。测定了生物柴油的主要物理性能指标,同时在柴油机未作任何调整的情况下进行了台架试验,考察了生物柴油与0#柴油混合燃料对柴油机燃烧过程、经济性和排放性的影响。实验结果表明,制得的生物柴油的密度、酸值和运动黏度均符合国家标准,将其与0#柴油混合(生物柴油体积分数20%)后可直接应用于柴油机,MC和甘油碳酸酯对缸内燃烧过程和经济性影响很小;燃用添加MC和甘油碳酸酯的混合燃料能有效降低柴油机碳烟、碳氢化合物和CO的排放量,NOx排放量稍有增加。

Transesterification of palm oil with MC（a methyl esterification reagent） on a solid base （KOH） catalyst for biodiesel production was investigated. The products were analyzed by means of GC and GC-MS. The results showed that fatty acid methyl esters were the main components with glycerolcarbonate as the by-product. The main physicochemical properties of the biodiesel were measured. The effects of the blended oil of the biodiesel and 0^# diesel oil on the combustion process, economics and emissions of the diesel engine were studied through bench experiments without any engine adjustment. It was showed that the density, acid value and kinematic viscosity of the blended oil（the biodieselcontent 20%（Ф）） conformed to the Chinese standard and the blended fuel could be applied to diesel engine. The effect of the blended fuel with MC and glycerol carbonate on economics of the engine was a little. Smoke, hydrocarbon and CO emissions of the engine with the blended fuel could be reduced effectively, but the NOx emission increased slightly.