统一多民族国家的宪制建构——新中国成立初期民族区域自治制度的奠基历程

Foundation of Regional Autonomy System for Ethnic Minorities in New China

对于民族区域自治制度在我国的确立,《共同纲领》的宪政宣示尽管具有最为重要的合法性确认意义,但这一基本宪政制度的真正奠基,则有赖于民族识别、民族干部培养、少数民族地方民主改革等一系列相关政治实践。这其中,少数民族地方民主改革可视为我国民族区域自治制度奠基的关键,它直接决定了新中国的民族治理制度是否坚持和贯彻了社会主义方向这一民族区域自治制度的最实质所在。同时,新中国通过将民族区域自治制度作为我国民族治理的基本宪政制度,也实现了清末以来多民族大国的民族—国家建构的真正飞跃。

Officially adopting the system of regional autonomy for minority peoples in the Common Program of the Chinese People＇s Political Consultative Conference was only the first step to lay the foundation of the system of regional autonomy for ethic minorities.The Chinese government keeps on taking a series of political measures to improve the system such as training officials of minorities,reforming autonomous regions of the minorities and increasing local democracy,which are all of great significance for the completion of the regional autonomy system for ethnic minorities.And indeed the development of the regional autonomy system also contributes a great deal to the political structure of the People＇s Republic of China,a multinational state.