劳动法中的人——兼论“劳动者”原型的选择对劳动立法实施的影响

Person in the Labor Act:Effects of Choice of Prototype of Laborer upon Labor Act's Implementation

《劳动法》采用了"劳动者"的概念,但并没有对"劳动者"的具体涵义作出解释。学界通常依照从属关系理论,将"劳动者"解释为包括农民工在内的所有工资劳动者。但是,如果联系立法时的语境来分析"劳动者"的权利体系,我们可以发现,《劳动法》中"劳动者"的真正原型是国有企业职工。"劳动者"原型的选择决定了我国劳动关系的法律调整机制,并且制约着劳动立法的实施效果。直到《劳动合同法》颁布,"劳动者"才开始具有农民工的某些特征。我国应当从市场经济体制发展的要求出发,以从属关系理论为指导,科学合理地确定"劳动者"的认定标准,并相应地对目前的劳动关系调整机制进行完善。

The Labor Act,while adopting the concept of laborer,failed to clearly define it.Academics usually with the doctrine of subordinated relationship interpreted it as all wage workers including migrant ones from rural areas.However,if viewing the framework of laborer rights in the context where the Act was made,one may find that the prototype of laborer was no one but the worker in the state-owned enterprise.Choice of the prototype of laborer determines the legal mechanism regulating the industrial relation and has direct effects upon the implementation of the Act.Not until the adoption of the Labor Contract Act did laborer have some features of migrant workers.As such,we should redefine ＂laborer＂ to make it in consistence with the theory of subordinated relationship so as to satisfy the demand of market economy.The current legal regime of industrial relations should also be modified accordingly.