农田生态系统管理与非点源污染控制

Farm Ecosystem Management and Control of Nonpoint Source Pollution

随着化肥和农药大量使用，农业非点源污染已经成为全球水污染的主要来源．不同农田管理措施，如免耕、少耕、传统耕作方式，化肥和农药的使用量、使用方式以及使用季节，灌溉的不同方式，如沟灌、淹灌和喷灌等与农业非点源污染形成之间均有密切的关系，通过农田景观设计来控制非点源污染，可望在控制农业非点源污染方面起到指导作用．

Agricultural nonpoint source pollution due to widely application of fertilizers and pesticides is becoming the major part of water deterioration.In this paper,the relationship between agricultural nonpoint source pollution and different tillage methods,such as no tillage,little tillage and conventional tillage,the amount of fertilizer application,application methods and seasons,and various irrigation methods,such as furrow irrigation,basin irrigation and sprinkle irrigation is analyzed.Some approaches on agricultural landscape design for controlling nonpoint source pollution are suggested,which will be helpful for making a decision on sustainable agricultural development.