对中国耕地面积增减数量平衡的思考

A CONSIDERATION ON INCREMENT AND DECREMENT EQUILIBRIUM OF CULTIVATED AREA IN CHINA

为了扭转我国耕地面积大幅度减少的局面 ,从中央到地方采取了一系列节流与开源措施 ,使耕地面积持续减少的局面得到了遏制 ,并于 1 995年和 1 996年实现了全国耕地面积增减数量的平衡。然而 ,由于耕地增在边缘地区 ,减在东部沿海和内地 ;增的多为低产地 ,减的多为良田 ,所以耕地面积增减数量平衡并不意味着能保障耕地产出能力的平衡。

A series of measures have been adopted from Central Government to local governments to change the drastic decrease situation on cultivated land.Consequently,the decreasing tendency has been controlled and the balance between increment and decrement of the cultivated land was realized in 1995 and 1996 throughout the country.However,the balance of increment and decrement does not mean the balance of the productivity because the increased areas are mostly located in the marginal regions of Northwest and Northesat China where productivity is lower and the decreased areas are mostly located in the interior or coastal areas of East China where productivity is higher.Hence efforts should be made to strengthen protection and renovation of cultivated land for sustainable agricultural development.Meanwhile cultivated land should be exploited at higher standard to compensate the occupied cultivated land.