广西北部城乡孕妇微营养素调查及其干预的研究

Nutrition during pregnancy in urban and rural area of northern Guangxi： a baseline survey and an intervention

目的调查桂林市及周边县城孕妇膳食营养素水平，探讨微营养素与贫血和新生儿出生体重的关系，并且进行相关的营养素干预。方法对桂林市及周边县城308例孕晚期孕妇并检测外周血红蛋白（Hb）、红细胞压积（HCT）、血清铁（SI）、血清铁蛋白（SF），对部分贫血孕妇进行维生素C、维生素A及铁剂干预。所有孕妇均进行个人问卷调查，应用营养计算软件评价膳食营养水平。结果该地区孕妇植物性食品占总摄入量农村和城市组分别为73．0％和65．6％；动物性食品占总摄入量农村和城市组分别为22．2％和28．6％。孕晚期孕妇贫血患病率农村和城市组分别为46．2％和28．9％。孕妇贫血组与非贫血组的低体重儿的发病率比较，差异无统计学意义。微营养素干预后，孕晚期孕妇的贫血患病率干预组低于非干预组，差异有统计学意义。结论城区孕妇膳食结构以植物性食品为主，农村孕晚期孕妇贫血的患病率高于城市。孕妇贫血对新生儿低出生体重的发病率影响不大。因此，应加强对农村孕晚期孕妇的膳食营养宣教及指导，并对贫血孕妇及时进行微营养素干预，可减少孕晚期孕妇贫血的发生。

Objective To investigate the nutritional status of pregnant women in urban and rural area of Guilin, to explore the relationship between micronutrient intake and anemia, and to implement an intervention. Methods Hemo- globin （Hb）, hematocrit （Hct）, serum iron （SI） , and serum ferritin （SF） were detected in 308 pregnant women. Inter- vention with iron supplement containing vitamin C and vitamin A was carried out. Questionnaire was administered and diet- ary intake was evaluated with the aid of the Nutrition Calculating Program. Results Dietary composition of pregnant women in rural women was inadequate compared with urban women. Animal food intake ration was 22.2 % and 28.6 % and plant food intake ration was 73.0 % and 65.6 % among rural and urban women, respectively. The prevalence of ane- mia among rural and urban women was 46.2 % and 28.9%, respectively. There were no significant differences in birth weight between anemic group and non-anemic group. After micronutrients intervention, anemia prevalence was decreased significantly. Conclusion Among rural pregnant women, anemia was associated with dietary composition, diet habits, and knowledge about nutrition. Anemia prevalence was higher in rural area than in urban area. No association between ane- mia and low birth weight was observed. Education and counseling about nutrition during pregnancy is warranted.