碳基电化学电容器及其研究进展

Development of carbon based materials for supercapacitor

电化学电容器与常规的电解电容器相比,显著地提高了比能量;而与电池相比,虽然比能量较低,但其比功率却是电池的数量级倍数。用于制造电化学电容器的材料可分为碳基材料、金属氧化物材料和导电聚合物材料。与其他材料相比,碳基电化学电容器是目前已较好商业化的一种。简要介绍了碳基电化学电容器的工作原理、特点及应用,并简要介绍了碳材料的制备和改性。通过改性可以增加表面积和孔隙率,从而提高电容器的比容量。

Compared with conventional electrolytic capacitor, electrochemical capacitor (supercapacitor) improves the energy density dramatically. While compared with battery, the electrochemical capacitor has less energy density, but its power density is much higher. There are three types of materials that can be used for manufacturing electrochemical capacitors. They are carbon based material ,metal oxide material and conductive polymer material. Carbon based material is one of those who have been commercialized successfully. Working mechanism, property and application of this type of capacitor were discussed. In addition, the preparation and modification of carbon materials were also introduced. The results show that the surface area and the porosity can be increased by modification thus the specific capacity of the capacitor were improved. The recent progress in carbon materials used for manufacturing electrochemical capacitor were also reviewed.