日本历代首相国会演说中的科学技术思想分析——以历代首相“施政方针演说”与“所信表明演说”为例

Analysis of Science and Technology Thoughts in Japanese Congress Address Given by Prime Ministers of Successive Dynasties

日本在科学技术领域获得瞩目成就,主要是由于二战后日本政府把振兴科学技术定位极高位置,并逐步把创新科学技术作为立国之本。在从首任首相伊藤博文至95代首相野田佳彦共计267篇国会演说中,可以清晰看到日本科学技术思想的形成及其演变。本文将从历代首相的国会演说内容着手,把近130年间的科学技术发展状况分为五个阶段,并对其特点和变化进行详细分析和研究。

Japan has obtained great achievements in science and technology areas, mainly because it has located the revitalization of science and technology at very high position and made the scientific and technical innovation the foundation of the country gradually after the Second World War. The formation and evolution of Japanese science and technology thoughts can be seen clearly from all the 267 Congress Address given by those Prime Ministers from the first, Itou Hirofumi,to Noda Yosihiko, the 95th Prime Minister. Based on the content of those Congress Address, the science and technology development during the past 130 years are divided into five stages. The characteristics and Changes at each stage are analyzed and studied in detail in this paper.