论违约行使土地使用权的法律后果——以私法规范在行政管理中的应用为视角

The Legal Consequence of the Breach of Land Us

按规定用途、规划条件及动工期限利用土地,并非根源于土地使用权出让合同的私法义务,而实质上是土地使用权人所负公法义务进入私法领域后的一种变脸。因此,不能纯粹以私法思维解释违约行使土地使用权的法律后果。当土地使用者违约行使权利时,土地行政管理部门应责令限期改正,并视违约或违法情况,采取必要的行政强制措施,并可施以罚款。如果穷尽适当的行政强制措施或行政处罚仍不能制止违法用地行为,土地行政管理部门可以私法方式解除出让合同,终止土地使用权,并要求土地使用者支付惩罚性违约金或赔偿金。

Using urban land accordance with approved purpose, planning conditions and start time of construction is not contractual obligation deriving from contract for assignment of the right to use of land but the embodiment of mandatory duties coming into sphere of private law actually. Therefore, it is not reasonable to understand the legal effects of illegal actof using land with the pure thought of private law. When the execution of fight to the use of land does not conform with the mandatory law, the administrative department of land can take the following measures： forcing the holder of right to rectify wrongful act within a prescribed time limit, taking necessary administrative coercive measures depending on circumstancesof unlawful practice, and imposing a fine on the person of violating the law. If all relevant administrative coercive measures and administrative punishments still can not deter illegal act of using land, the administrative department of land can termi- nate contract for assignment of the right to use of land, withdraw the right to use of land, and request the user of land to pay punitive damages or fine for breach of contract according to the legal norm of private law.