酚类污染物对菲律宾蛤仔抗氧化和解毒系统相关酶活性的影响

Effects of Phenolic Compounds on Enzyme Activities of Antioxidant and Detoxification Systems in Ruditapes philippinarum

壬基酚、辛基酚、二氯酚和双酚A是水环境中普遍存在的酚类污染物,由于其内分泌干扰活性和致癌性近年来受到广泛的关注。本研究以菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)为受试生物,研究4种典型酚类污染物暴露对其内脏组织和鳃组织中抗氧化酶包括超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)以及解毒酶谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)活性的影响。研究结果表明:壬基酚低浓度处理组(0.05～0.2mg/L)3种酶活性无显著变化,高浓度处理组(0.4mg/L),SOD、CAT和GST 3种酶活性均受到显著抑制,抑制率分别为56.6%,59.0%和35.5%。在实验浓度范围(0.05～0.4mg/L)内,二氯酚能够显著抑制内脏组织CAT活性,双酚A能够显著抑制鳃组织GST活性。3种酶活性变化对于酚类污染物的响应呈现较好的规律性,因此可以作为生物标志物联合指示水体中的酚类污染。

Phenolic compounds including nonylphenol, octylphenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and bisphenol A are widely concerned due to their endocrine disrupting activity and carcinogenicity. Taking Ruditapes philippinarum as an experimental species, this paper studies the activities of antioxidant and detoxifica- tion enzymes including superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT） and glutathione S-transferase （GST） in gill and visceral tissues in response to the exposure of these four phenolic chemicals. The results showed that the activities of SOD, CAT and GST did not change significantly under exposure to low con- centrations of nonylphenol （0.05-0.2 mg/L）. The enzyme activities were, however, significantly inhibi- ted under a high dose （0. 4 mg/L） with an inhibition rate of 56, 6%, 59.0% and 35.5% respectively. Within the experimental concentration range （0. 05 -0. 4 mg/L）, dichlorophenol inhibited the visceral CAT activity significantly and bisphenol A inhibited the gill GST activity significantly. The three enzymes showed a dose response change in response to phenolic exposure, therefore, they could be adopted as bio- markers indicating phenolic pollution in aquatic environment.