海上捕捞渔民常见风湿病调查及影响因素分析

An investigation on rheumatism commonly seen among marine fishermenand an analysis of the influencing factors

目的了解海上捕捞渔民常见风湿病发病率及影响因素，并制定相应的预防措施。方法对山东省海阳市在海上作业3—29年的渔民进行常见风湿病流行病学调查，按统一制定的常见风湿病调查表，先提问有阳性症状者，由医师进行复查和体检，详细填写表格，最后由调查组会诊审定。结果769名渔民中，共发现风湿病患者387例，发病率为50．33％。其中，风关痛121例，占31．27％；骨关节炎71例，占18．35％；类风湿性关节炎1例，占0．26％；强直性脊柱炎1例，占0．26％；腰椎间盘突出症83例，占21．45％；腰肌纤维炎110例，占28．42％。结论在风寒潮湿环境的影响下，海上捕捞渔民常见风湿病发病率较高，遇风寒湿和从事高强度劳动时，症状即加重。应加强常见风湿病预防知识和健康教育宣传工作，提高海上作业人员的防护意识，降低劳动强度，防止风寒湿等影响因素的侵袭，减少该病的发病率。

Objective To investigate the incidence of rheumatism commonly seen among marine fishermen and the influencing factors, and then to develop appropriate preventive measures. Methods An epidemiological investigation was made on rheumatism commonly occurred among the marine fishermen, who had been out to sea for 3 - 29 years, in Haiyang, Shandong Province. In accordance with the specific questionnaire on rheumatism, inquiries were made on those with positive symptoms, and checks and physical examinations were made, and then forms were filled out, and finally consultation and confirmation were made by the investigation team. Results Statistics showed that 387 cases of rheumatism （ 50.33% ） were detected in 769 marine fishermen. Of all the cases, 121 cases were rheumatic arthralgia （ 31. 27% ）, 71 cases were osteoarthritis （18. 35% ）, 1 case was rheumatoid arthritis （0. 26% ）, 1 case was ankylosing spondylitis （0.26%）, 83 cases were lumbar disc herniation （21. 45%） and 110 cases were lumbar muscle fiber inflammation （28.42%）. Conclusions Affected by wind and cold, marine fishermen have a high incidence of rheumatism. When they encounter cold and humid environment and engage in high intensity labor, the symptoms would become severer. Incidence of the disease could be considerably reduced by enhancing propaganda about the common knowledge on the prevention of rheumatism and related health education, increasing the sense of self protection among marine workers, reducing labor intensity and avoiding such harmful factors as wind, cold and humidity.