论楚辞、楚歌的判断标准

On Criteria of Chuci and Chuge

先秦楚辞、楚歌的定义应该根据地域特色,而不应该以"兮"字入句为限。屈原大部分作品援"兮"入句,后世作家模仿屈原,"兮"字入句俨然成为一种独特的文体。后世"兮"字入句的韵文自可视作诗歌之一体,但在概念上不宜与先秦楚歌、楚辞相混淆。楚辞的地域特色主要体现在楚声、楚语、楚地、楚物等方面,楚歌则因入乐还表现在楚地的音乐特点上。战国时期楚国各地的歌曲依然保持着相对独立的地域风格,我们在研究楚歌时,应该注意到楚歌音乐风格的地域差别。

Chuci and Chuge of pre-Qin dynasty should be defined according to geographical characteristics, rather than according to the inclusion of the character Xi in the sentence. Xi appeared in most of Qu Yuan＇s works. Authors of later generations followed his style and sentences with Xi inside have become a unique writing style. Verses which have Xi in the sentences of later period can be regarded as a style of po- etry, but the definition of Chuci and Chuge should not be confounded with it. The geographical character- istics of Chuci are embodied in aspects of tones, tongues, land, and objects of the Chu region. And charac- ters of Chuge are also embodied in the music characters of Chu due to its metre. During the Warring States period, the songs in various states still maintained a relatively independent regional style. So when we study Chuge, more attention should be paid to geographical difference in musical style.