时间顺序和认知模式顺序的象似性研究

The Iconic Study on the Order of Time Sequence and Cognitive Mode

语言结构反映认知结构。语言结构的顺序映照人们的思维顺序。语言结构的排列顺序反映人们实际经验的顺序,即人们感知世界的顺序。句法结构及语篇结构顺序反映时间顺序及焦点—背景顺序、无标记—有标记顺序、突显顺序、对称结构及整体—部分顺序等认知模式顺序。象似性原则在很大程度上支配着语言结构。语言结构的象似性为我们研究语言与认知及语言与思维的关系,提供了新的方法和新的视角。由于受到诸如语法化原则、韵律原则、省力原则或经济原则及语用原则等因素的制约,语言的象似性程度会有所减弱。语言正是在象似性与任意性的互动中发展变化的。

Language structure reflects the structure of cognition. Order iconicity claims that the order of linguistic structure is the reflection of that of thought. The sequence of linguistic structure corresponds to that of experience, that is, the order of perception. The structure of syntax and discourse reflects the or- der of time sequence and the cognitive modes such as figure- ground, unmarkedness- markedness, salience, symmetry, and whole--part. Iconicity principle is, to a great extent, responsible for language structure and provides a new perspective on the study of the relationship between language and cognition and between language and thought. However, the effectiveness of iconicity may decrease due to the influ- ence of grammaticalization, prosody, principle of least effort, and pragmatics. It is this interaction be- tween iconicity and arbitrariness that makes language change.