改革开放以来南京临时政府研究述评——纪念南京临时政府成立100周年

Review on the Nanjing Provisional Government Research since the Reform & Opening-up——For Remembrance of the 100th Anniversary of the Nanjing Provisional Government

近30余年来,学界对于南京临时政府的研究取得了一些成果,具体而言,主要关注的问题如下:其一,南京临时政府的败因及性质问题。其中失败原因包括资产阶级革命派的主观原因、资产阶级内部分化及经济原因三种看法;至于性质有资产阶级政府观、联合政府观两种看法。其二,南京临时政府的经济问题,主要涉及经济政策和财政危机的影响。其三,南京临时政府的法律问题,研究重点在于法律制度和《临时约法》。此外,对南京临时政府的民族问题、教育问题、文书问题等亦有所涉足。至于不足之处,主要为研究范式的制约及研究思维的狭隘。

Over the past three decades,the academic circle has made some progress in the research on the Nanjing Provisional Government in following three areas： First,the failure reasons and the nature of the Nanjing Provisional Government.Three reasons have been seen for its failure： the subjective reasons of the bourgeois revolutionaries,the internal differentiation of the bourgeoisie,and some economic reasons.Two point views have been found related to its nature： the view of bourgeois government and that of coalition government.Second,the economic issues of the Nanjing Provisional Government.The research has given a priority to the impact of its economic policies and financial crisis.Third,the legal issues of the Nanjing Provisional Government.The research has focused on its legal system and the ＂Provisional Constitution＂.In addition,the research has also involved in issues about the nation,education and instrument systems of the Nanjing Provisional Government.The shortcomings are found in the constraints of paradigm and narrow thinking of researchers.