保障性住房政策过程的中央与地方政府关系——政策网络理论的分析与应用

Research on the Central-Local Governments Relations in the Policy Process of Social Housing——Analyzing and Application of Policy Network Theory

为分析保障性住房政策过程中的中央与地方政府关系,找出问题解决的有效框架,采用案例分析方法,分析了保障性住房政策制定过程中中央部门间的讨价还价、政策执行过程中地方政府及其职能部门以及开发商等营利组织间的利益结盟与变通策略、其他参与主体被排斥等现象。在此基础上,引入政策网络理论,分析网络利益主体与网络利益关系。研究发现:保障性住房与民生密切相关,却积累了太多的"历史赊账";中央与地方政府间的非合作博弈是影响保障性住房政策过程以及政策结果的重要因素;非合作博弈问题需置于政策网络结构环境下去思考,政策网络理论能够提供"解释性"和"建构性"框架。论文研究对未来的保障性住房政策过程以及政策结果有重大实践意义。本文将网络利益分析与网络治理结合在一起,实现了政策网络两个理论流派的应用整合,对该领域的理论研究有重要价值。依据研究结论,保障性住房的政策制定与政策执行必须实现从封闭到开放的转变,为未来"十二五计划"做好铺垫。

The objective of this paper is to put forward the problems of social housing, analyze the relations between central and local governments and find out the effective framework to resolve problems. The article usesome case studies, such as central government departments' bargaining in policy-making, local departments' strategies in policy implementation, other actors' being rejected, were conducted. Then policy network theory was introduced and used to analyze network interest main body and network interest relations. Based on the research of social housing policy, relations between central-local governments, and policy network structure, the analysis reveal three conclusions: Firstly, social housing policy closely relates with people's wellbeing, but there are still so many 'historical debits'. Secondly, no-cooperative game between central-local governments is one of the most important factors to influence social housing policy process and policy outcomes. Thirdly, the problems of no-cooperative game must be considered in the framework of policy network structure and the theory provides explanatory and constructive significance. The analysis has much practical significance for the future study on social housing policy process and policy outcomes. Based on the findings, policy-making and policy implementation need to transfer from being closed to being open, and pave for the forthcoming '12th Five Year Plan'. The research combines network interest analysis with network governance, and finds out the method of combining two schools of policy network. It will be provided much value for the future research in the filed.