农村社区高血压自我管理模式及血压控制效果评价

Evaluation on the effectiveness for Self-management among the Hypertensive Patients in Rural Community

目的评价以农村社区为基础的高血压自我管理模式实施5个月后的血压控制效果。方法按照自身对照实验研究设计,比较160名自愿参加高血压自我管理健康教育课程前后的血压及高血压相关知识、态度和行为因素的变化。结果 5个月内160名参与活动的高血压患者的血压管理能力有显著提高,测量血压的频率、控制体重的方法、与医生交流的频率以及血压的控制情况等均有改善,干预前后差异具有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);过量饮酒、体育锻炼等相关行为因素变化显著,干预前后行为率差异具有统计学意义(P值分别为0.01和<0.001);与参加活动前相比,高血压患者收缩压降低6.788mmHg(P<0.05),舒张压降低3.756mmHg(P<0.05)。结论社区高血压自我管理模式可有效提高高血压患者的血压管理能力,改善健康行为,有效控制血压。

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of 5-months hypertension self-management among hypertension patients in rural community. Methods A self-controlled trial was conducted among 160 patients with hypertension recruited by voluntary registration, all of them would take a course on hypertension self-management once a week for 6 weeks. After 5 months, changes of participants on blood pressure, knowledge, attitude, and behavior compared before and after the intervention. Results After 5 months＇ intervention, 160 participants had improved their ability on blood pressure management. Some measures related hypertension management had been obviously increased （such as the frequency of blood pressure testing, body weight control, frequency of communication with the doctor, and blood pressure control）, and the difference were statistically significant （P 〈0.05）. After the course of hypertension self-management, the behavior of over drinking and physical exercise presented significantly changes （P 〈 0.05 ）. The level of systolic blood pressure and the diastolic blood pressure decreased by 6.79mmHg （P 〈 O. 05 ） and by 3.76mmHg （ P 〈 O. 05 ） respectively. Conclusion The community-based hypertension self-management model was effective to enhance the ability of patients with hypertension to manage blood pressure, improve health behavior, and control the blood pressure level.