中国古代西南地区的金马碧鸡信仰考论

Investigation of the Worship of "Jinma Biji" in the Southwest Region of China

金马碧鸡崇拜起源于汉代以前的卭都国,在汉宣帝派遣王褒迎请金马碧鸡神事件发生之后,这一崇拜在以川滇巴渝为中心的西南地区广泛且长久传播,特别是在昆明、成都、重庆各地不仅建立了金马碧鸡祠,而且出现了与之相关的金马碧鸡坊,乃至金马碧鸡山与台,使得金马碧鸡成为古代西南地区极具地方特色的信仰。而今,人们多数已经不了解这些坊名、山名、台名与金马碧鸡信仰的关系,重新考证、勾辑这种信仰,其实就相当于回归古代地域文化的历史原生态。

The worship of ＂Jinma Biji＂ （gold horse and Green Bird） originates in the kingdom of Qiong-du prior to Han Dynasty. After Emperor Xuan of Han Dynasty sent Wang Bao to entertain the god of Jinma Biji, this worship began to spread in the southwest region of China, especially in Kunming, Chengdu and Chongqing, where temples, archways, mountains and platforms were built or named to worship the god. However, most people nowadays do not know the interrelationship between of these relics and names with the worship. Therefore, an investigation of this ancient worship will contribute to the rebuilding of a primitive regional culture.