内蒙古饮茶型氟中毒病区小手牵大手健康教育方式效果分析

Analysis of health education effect of hand hold hands method in brick tea borne fluorosis areas in Inner^ongona

目的评价饮茶型氟中毒病区小手牵大手健康教育方式的干预效果。方法在内蒙古饮茶型氟中毒病区选择4-6年级小学生进行饮茶型氟中毒的健康教育知识问卷调查，并通过小学生问卷调查了解其父母的饮茶相关健康行为，对小学生开展有关饮茶型氟中毒的健康教育讲座，发放健康教育材料和低氟砖茶，要求学生向家长讲述健康教育的相关知识并督促家长改掉有害健康的饮茶行为，培养健康的饮茶行为。1年后，对上述学生再次进行小学生健康知识问卷及其父母健康相关行为的问卷调查，比较干预前后小学生对饮茶型氟中毒知识知晓率的差异，不同年龄、不同文化程度人群相关行为改变率的差异及不同行为干预前后实施率的差异。结果健康教育1年后，小学生对饮茶型氟中毒知识知晓率[94．3％（33／35）]与之前[14．3％（5／35）]比较，差异有统计学意义（X^2=46．111，P〈0．01）。健康教育干预后，健康相关行为总体改变率为68．6％（48／70），其中不同文化程度人群健康相关行为的改变率不同，且随着文化程度的升高改变率也在增加（X^2=4．73，P〈0．05），但不同年龄组的差异无统计学意义（X^2=2．275，P〉0．05）。在干预前和干预后，“是否饮用浓茶”，“是否饮用隔夜茶”，“是否饮用长时间煮沸的茶”等危害健康的行为的转变率均有降低（P〈0．01）。“茶中是否加奶”，“是否饮用及购买低氟砖茶”的行为实施率均有增加（P〈0．05），而是否饮砖茶的行为实施率与干预前比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论通过小手牵大手的健康教育干预，饮茶型氟中毒病区学生对饮茶型氟中毒知识的知晓率提高，其父母能够积极的改变不良饮茶习惯，培养健康的生活方式。

Objective To evaluation the intervention effects of hand hold hands method in brick tea borne fluorosis. Method Four to six grade pupils were selected in brick tea borne fluorosis areas, and health education knowledge questionnaire investigation was conducted. Drinking tea related health behaviors were also surveyed by the method of questionnaire. Then health education lecture on brick tea borne fluorosis was carried out, and health education material and low fluoride brick tea were provided to the pupils, the students were also requested to tell their parents brick tea related knowledge and supervise them to get rid of harmful drinking tea behavior, and cultivate healthy lifestyle. One year later pupils＇ health knowledge questionnaire and parents health related behavior questionnaire were carried out once again. The knowledge awareness rates of students before and after the intervention were compared. Health related behavior change rates of the parent between different ages and education levels were compared, and the implementation rates of different brick tea related behaviors before and after the intervention were compared. Results After 1 year of health education, the student＇ s knowledge awareness rate on brick tea fluorosis was [94.3% （33/35）], compared with the rate before intervertion[ 14.3% （5/35）] increased significantly （X2 = 46.111, P 〈 0.01 ）. The overall behavior change rate of health related behavior was 68.6%. After the intervention, the implementation rate of whether drinking tea, drinking overnight tea, drinking boiled for a long time tea decreased（P 〈 0.01 ）. But the behavior implementation rates of drinking tea with milk, drinking and buying low fluoride brick tea significantly increased（P 〈 0.05）. Implementation rate of whether drinking brick tea did not change signifieantly（P 〉 0.05）. Conclusions Through hand hold hands health education intervention, theknowledge awareness of students on brick tea fluorosis increases, and their parents can actively change bad tea drinking habits, and cultivate healthy lifestyle.