链条输送式变量施肥抛撒机的设计与试验

Design and experiment of variable rate fertilizer spreader with conveyor chain

针对国内变量施肥机作业幅宽小,变量施肥抛撒机缺乏的问题,该文应用变量施肥技术,设计了一种基于处方图的链条输送式变量施肥抛撒机。通过分析肥料颗粒在撒肥盘上的运动和受力,建立了肥料颗粒在脱离撒肥机圆盘过程中的运动方程,设计并确定了变量抛撒控制系统、肥箱、肥门自动开启装置等关键部件的结构及参数。并进行了不同施肥量和抛撒均匀性的试验,结果表明:链条输送式变量施肥抛撒机变量效果较好,且具有较好的抛撒均匀性,在拖拉机速度1.5m/s,实际施肥量与预置施肥量相对误差最大值为7.53%;拖拉机速度2m/s,目标施肥量225kg/hm2,抛撒幅宽设定30m,有效幅宽抛撒变异系数为14.90%,能够较好的满足实际生产要求。

To solve the problem of lacking suitable variable rate fertilizer spreader in China, a variable rate fertilizer spreader with conveyor chain based on prescription map was designed. A motional equation of fertilizer granular at the moment of thrown from disc border was established through analyzing force and motion of fertilizer granular at spreader disc, and then the system of key components was designed and the corresponding machinery parameters were confirmed, such as variable rate control system, fertilizer box, the auto-opening device of gate etc. The experiments on different fertilizer amount and uniformity were conducted with a variable rate fertilizer spreader. Results showed that the spreader＇s effect of variable rate fertilization and uniformity of the spreader was better. When the speed of tractor was 1.5 m/s, relative error between actual application amount and pre-setting amount was less than 7.53%. When the speed of tractor was 2 m/s, the coefficient of variance was 14.90%, fertilization amount was 225 kg/hm2 and the spreader breadth was 30 m, which indicates the spreader can meet the need of practical production.