气流速度对杂交水稻制种授粉花粉分布的影响

Effect of airflow speed on pollens distribution for hybrid rice breeding pollination

气流速度(包括自然风速)对杂交水稻制种授粉过程中花粉分布情况的影响十分显著,直接关系到制种产量。为研究流速对授粉效果的影响,该文首先分析杂交水稻气力授粉的基本原理,通过试验验证气流速度对花粉分布的影响,从花粉的分散密度、水平分布、垂直分布3个方面进行评价。结果表明:花粉分布受气流影响显著,水平分布量、竖直分布量以及花粉总量都随流速的增大而增大;水平分布出现特有的双峰图像,且后峰随流速的增大远离花粉源;竖直分布随流速的增大向气流中心靠拢,说明花粉在一定速度的定向气流中能保持较好的直线传播。气流速度为20m/s时,水平花粉量较多,且竖直分布能满足作用范围内花粉的传播要求。该文为进一步研究气力授粉机械提供依据。

Effect of airflow speed （including natural wind） on pollens distribution for hybrid rice breeding pollination is very significant, which correlates with the yield of breeding seed closely. To study the effect of airflow speed on pollination, the basic principle of pneumatic pollination for hybrid rice breeding was analyzed. Then, tests were conducted to validate the effect of airflow speed on pollens distribution based on pollens density, horizontal distribution and vertical distribution. The results showed that pollens distribution was affected by airflow speed significantly, and pollens density, horizontal distribution and vertical distribution increased with the airflow speed increased. A distinct bimodal pattern appeared in horizontal distribution, and the second peak was far away from the pollen source with the airflow speed increased. Vertical distribution showed that pollens were close to the center of airflow with the airflow speed increased, which suggested that pollens could be spread in straight line with a certain speed and directional airflow When the airflow speed was at 20 m/s, pollens were more in horizontal distribution, of which the vertical distribution could meet the demand of transmitting in the working area. It provides a scientific basis for further study of pollination machinery by airflow.