自动跟踪式小型太阳能集热玉米果穗干燥装置设计

Design of small autotracking solar collector drier for maize ears

为缩短玉米果穗的干燥制种时间及相应干燥成本,利用中国西北部地区充沛的光热及干燥空气资源,设计了一种安装有太阳能跟踪控制系统的自动跟踪式小型太阳能集热玉米果穗干燥装置。结合该地区气候条件,确定了干燥装置的总体结构设计方案,完成了集热、干燥、控制系统及风机等关键部件设计选型,并利用该装置进行了相关玉米果穗干燥试验。试验结果表明,应用自动跟踪式小型太阳能集热玉米果穗干燥装置能够将含水率为25%的新鲜玉米果穗(湿基)500kg在5d内(36h)干燥至含水率14%(湿基),装置干燥时间较集热器固定作业方式提高7h,平均干燥速率由0.256%/h提高至0.306%/h,满足设计目标,符合玉米果穗等农产品的贮藏、制种干燥要求。

In order to reduce drying time and cost of seeds drying process of maize ears,a kind of small autotracking solar-air drier for maize ears was designed based on abundant light,heat and dry air resources in Northwest China.The overall structure as well as critical component such as energy collection,drying equipment,control system and air blower were designed according to the local climate conditions.Experimental results showed that the drier could dry 500 kg of fresh maize ears with the moisture content（wet base） from 25% to 14% in 5 d（36 h）,and it could save 7 h compared to that with fixed solar collectors.The average drying rate increased from 0.256%/h to 0.306%/h,which met the design objective and requirements for storage and drying process of maize ears and other agricultural products.