饵料中添加益生菌对大菱鲆幼鱼肠道菌群及部分免疫指标的影响

Effects of dietary probiotic on intestinal bacteria and immunity of juvenile Scophthalmus musmaximus

作者以初体质量为(4.80±0.11)g的大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)为研究对象,在循环水水族箱中进行60 d饲喂实验,研究饲料中添加单一益生菌和复合益生菌对大菱鲆肠道菌群及部分血液免疫指标的影响。以基础饲料为对照组,在基础饲料中分别添加枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)、枯草芽孢杆菌+地衣芽孢杆菌(1:1)、嗜酸乳酸菌(Lactobacillus acidophi-lus)、双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium inopinatum)、嗜酸乳酸菌+双歧杆菌(1:1)、枯草芽孢杆菌+地衣芽孢杆菌+嗜酸乳酸菌+双歧杆菌(1:1:1:1),每克饲料约含菌3.0×109个/g干质量,共配制7种实验饲料。实验结果显示,饲料中添加益生菌对肠道中总菌数无显著影响,但显著降低了肠道弧菌数(P<0.05),显著提高了大菱鲆酚氧化酶活力、溶菌酶活性和总抗氧化力。添加不同的益生菌对血细胞数、血清蛋白浓度及超氧化物歧化酶的影响不同,例如添加的益生菌中含有乳酸菌能显著提高大菱鲆血清蛋白浓度(P<0.05),而添加芽孢杆菌无此效果。上述实验结果表明,与添加单一益生菌相比,在饲料中添加复合益生菌对降低大菱鲆肠道弧菌总数,提高机体免疫力具有更好的促进作用。

A 60-day experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different dietary probiotics on bacteria of intestine and fecal,and immunity of Scophthalmus maximus [initial body weight（4.80±0.11）g].Basic diet was made of fish meal and defatted soybean meal.These juveniles were fed with eight different diets： basic diet as control,and basic diet supplemented with 3.0×109CFU/g single probiotics（Bacillus subtilis,Bacillus licheniformis,Lactobacillus acidophilus,and Bifidobacterium inopinatum） or 3.0 × 109CFU/g compound probiotics（B.licheniformis ＋ B.subilis 1：1;B.inopinatum ＋ L.acidophilus 1：1;B.licheniformis ＋ B.subilis ＋ B.inopinatum ＋ L.acidophilus 1：1：1：1）.Each diet was randomly fed to triplicate groups of 300 turbots reared in circulating water aquarium.The water temperature was 17℃±1℃ and the salinity was 32±0.2 during the experimental period.Results showed that turbot fed compound probiotic decreased highly Vibrio bacteria counts（VBC） in intestine compared with those fed with control diet（P0.05）,while the total bacterium counts（TBC） showed no significant changes（P0.05）.The probiotic also significantly improved immune indicators of turbot（P0.05）,including total hemocyte counts,serum protein concentration,serum phenoloxidase activity（PO）,serum lysozyme activity,serum superoxide dismutase（SOD）,and total antioxidative capacity（T-AOC）.The present results suggested that the diet supplemented with probiotic could improve growth and immunity of turbot,and compound probiotic showed better effects than a single one.