“杨成”与嘉兴雕漆

"Yang-Cheng" and the Carved Lacquerware of Jiaxing

浙江是中国漆器的起源地。靖康之变之后,大量的北方人南迁。其中,髹漆工匠的散布与定居,以及为了满足统治阶层奢侈的生活,再加上浙江地区原有的漆器制作基础,使浙江地区很快成为全国漆器制作中心,也为嘉兴在元代成为雕漆制作中心奠定了基础,并在全国漆器制作中形成了以张成、杨茂为代表的"嘉兴派"。他们制作的漆器不仅在国内影响很大,并远播日本。日本人将张成、杨茂的名字各取一字,合称为"杨成"。因此,元代嘉兴地区的雕漆事业异军突起,影响所及至于明代前期,对于现今的漆器制作仍然有着十分重要的影响,在中国漆器制作史上占有十分重要的地位。

Zhejiang is the origin place of Chinese lacquerware.After the Jingkang Disaster,many Northerners migrated to the south.The lacquer artisans＇ spread and settlement,the requirement of meeting the needs of the ruling class＇s luxury life,together with Zhejiang region＇s original lacquer manufacturing base,made Zhejiang area soon become the national lacquer production center,and also laid a foundation for Jiaxing＇s becoming a lacquer production center in the Yuan Dynasty.The ＂Jiaxing School＂ of the national lacquer manufacturing also formed during that period with Zhang Cheng and Yang Mao as representatives.The lacquerware produced by them not only had a great impact at home,but also spread to Japan.The Japanese took one character respectively from the names of Zhang Cheng and Yang Mao,and thus collectively referred to as ＂Yang Cheng＂.Therefore,the carved lacquerware industry in Jiaxing areas rose rapidly during the Yuan Dynasty,and the influence lasted to the early Ming Dynasty,and was even influential to the modern lacquer production with a very important status in the Chinese lacquer production history.