抗除草剂转基因大豆的生态安全评价进展

Ecological Assessment of Transgenic Soybean Tolerant to Herbicide

中国是大豆(Glycine max)的起源中心,大豆是中国的重要作物。转基因大豆向环境释放后可能带来的生态风险问题越来越受到人们的重视。中国自然状态下分布着丰富的野大豆(G.soja)遗传资源,转基因抗除草剂大豆能够在自然条件下与野大豆发生基因交流。转基因抗除草剂大豆释放后,由于大量单一使用草甘膦,田间杂草已经进化出了抗药性。大量使用的除草剂以及转基因大豆根际分泌物会对土壤微生物、非靶标生物产生影响,并影响到植物的固氮能力。本文在综述研究进展的基础上,提出了转基因大豆生物安全研究与管理的建议,为我国将来转基因大豆的产业化提供参考。

China is the original centre of cultivated soybean（Glycine max） and soybean is an important crop in China.Spontaneous gene flow between soybean and wild soybean could naturally occur.In China,there are abundant genetic resources of wild soybean（G.soja） in nature.At present,more and more transgenic soybean tolerant to glyphosate herbicide has been imported into China from America,which is only permitted to be used for processing oil and feed.The potential ecological risk has drawn increasing attention as the release of transgenic soybean into the environment.This article provides an overview on the biosafety assessments of transgenic soybean including gene flow,effects on nitrogen fixation,weed evolution and the impact on soil microorganism and non-target organism in order to provide an important reference for the industrialization and management of transgenic soybean in China.