薹草属菱形果薹草组9种植物叶片的解剖学研究

Leaf anatomy of nine species in Carex sect.Rhomboidales(Cyperaceae)

利用石蜡切片法和叶表皮装片法对薹草属菱形果薹草组(Carexsect.Rhomboidales)9种植物进行叶片解剖结构特征观察。结果表明:9种植物的叶片解剖学特征总体上较一致,如横切面形状为"V"形或近"V"形,具气腔,中脉上方具泡状细胞,中脉维管束周围有不同程度的厚壁组织;上表皮细胞一般比下表皮细胞大;表皮下的叶肉细胞均出现不同程度的分化;叶表皮特征显示上、下表皮细胞均为长方形,垂周壁深波状弯曲,表现出近似种之间的相似性;表皮附属物为刺突状表皮毛;但不同种之间的叶解剖特征也有一定的区别,表现在泡状细胞层数、叶肉细胞分化层数和中脉维管束2端厚壁组织发达程度不同,气孔器在脉间成列或随机分布,气孔指数和气孔密度也有差异,可以作为区分种的依据。据此,本文提供了基于叶片解剖特征的9种植物分种检索表。

Leaf anatomy of nine species in Carex sect. Rhomboidales （Cyperaceae） from China was studied by the method of paraffin section. These nine species shared some common characters as follows ： 1） The outline of leaf transverse section was V-shaped or almost V-shaped and the air-cavities between vascular bundles were well developed; 2） The bulliform cells on the midrib were also well developed, and midrib vascular bundles were surrounded with sclerenehyma; 3） The adaxial epidermal cells were larger than those of abaxial surface, and the mesophyll cells all appeared different degree of differentiation; 4） Both adaxial and abaxial epidermal cells were oblong and their anticlinal walls were deeply undulate, and the epidermal appendage was prickle. However, there were also some diagnostic characters among the species, viz. the layer of bulliform cells, the layer of the mesophyll cells, the developed condition of the sclerenchyma, the distribution pattern of stoma on abaxial epidermis, the stomatal density, and stomatal index etc. A key based upon the leaf anatomical characters to the nine species was provided as well.