不同营养液配方对雾培生菜生物量和营养品质的影响

Effects of different hydroponic nutrient solutions on biomass production and nutritional quality of aeroponically grown lettuce

采用雾培试验,比较Hoagland、日本园试、日本山崎、华南农大叶菜B、英国Hewitt等5个生菜常用的水培营养液配方对生菜生物量、营养品质的影响。结果表明:华南农大叶菜B的营养液pH值升幅最小,英国Hewitt最大;华南农大叶菜B处理的生菜根系和地上部鲜质量、干质量最高,英国Hewitt或Hoagland处理的最低;华南农大叶菜B处理的生菜叶片还原型抗坏血酸含量、FRAP(ferric reducing/antioxidant power)抗氧化活性和DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrydrazyl)自由基清除率最高,日本园试次之,日本山崎最低;日本园试处理的生菜类胡萝卜素和谷胱甘肽含量最高,华南农大叶菜B次之,日本山崎最低;华南农大叶菜B处理的生菜可溶性糖含量最高,而可溶性蛋白质含量与日本园试相当,显著高于其他配方;华南农大叶菜B处理的生菜叶片和茎的硝酸盐含量显著低于英国Hewitt和Hoagland,略高于日本园试和日本山崎。说明采用华南农大叶菜B作为生菜气雾栽培的营养液配方,不仅营养液pH波动小,而且生菜具有较高的生物量、抗氧化物质含量和抗氧化活性以及较低的硝酸盐含量,是较为适宜的生菜气雾栽培配方,而英国Hewitt和日本山崎不适合生菜的气雾栽培。

The effects of five hydroponic nutrient solutions, Hoagland formula, Japanese Yamazaki formula （JY）, Japanese Garden formula （JG）, South China Agricultural University （SCAU） formula B for leafy vegetables and England Hewitt formula （EH） on the biomass production and nutritional quality of aeroponically grown lettuce （Lactuca sativa L. ） were compared. The results showed that the pH levels of five solutions were increased to some extent during the treatment. The highest increase in pH was observed in EH, while the lowest was in SCAU formula B. Plants grown in SCAU formula B solution showed high fresh and dry mass of roots and shoots, compared to the plants grown in other four nutrient solutions. Furthermore, The plants treated with SCAU formula B showed the highest ascorbic acid content, FRAP （ferric reducing/antioxidant power） value, DPPH （1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrydrazyl） radical scavenging rate, as well as soluble sugar content in the leaves among all nutrient solution-treated plants. However, the soluble protein content was comparable to that of JG-treated plants, while the glutathione contents was lower than that of JCr-treated plants. Furthermore, the nitrate contents of stems and leaves of SCAU formula B-treated plants were significantly lower than those of EH and Hoagland-treated plants, but a little higher than those of JG and JY-treated plants. These results indicate that aeroponically grown lettuce in SCAU formula B solution produce high biomass yield, high antioxidant content and antioxidant activity, and low nitrate content, suggesting that SCAU formula B is the most ideal nutrient solution for aeroponically grown lettuce, whereas EH and JY formulas are unsuitable for aeroponically grown lettuce.