保水剂施用方式对土壤水热及春小麦生产的影响

Effects of super absorbent polymer with different application methods on soil moisture,soil temperature and production of spring wheat

为了探寻保水剂在春小麦生产中的最佳施用方法,在河套灌区春小麦播种时以不施为对照,研究沟施、混施、撒施BJ2101-L保水剂对土壤水分、土壤温度和春小麦生长状况的影响。结果表明:不同施用方式提高了土壤水分含量,特别是在缺乏灌溉的开花期具有显著作用,其中沟施效果较强,撒施较弱;不同施用方式降低了土壤最高温度,提高了最低温度,缩小了日温差,降低了日均温,其中撒施对地表温度影响较大,沟施对10cm土层土壤温度影响较大;沟施、混施、撒施促进了根系向深层土壤分布,增加了根系及总生物量,较对照分别增产22.6%、16.3%和8.0%;不同施用方式均提高了水分利用效率、水分产出率和灌溉水分产出率,其中沟施效果较强,撒施较弱。说明沟施是河套灌区春小麦播种时施用BJ2101-L保水剂的适宜方法。

In order to probe best application methods of super absorbent polymer in spring wheat production in Hetao irrigation district, Inner Mongolia, with no BJ2101-L super absorbent polymer for control at spring wheat sowing, BJ2101-L super absorbent polymer was applied with three methods of furrowing, mixing and broadcasting, and the effects of BJ2101-L super absorbent polymer on soil moisture, soil temperature and spring wheat growth status were determined at different growth stages. The result showed that all application methods increased the soil moisture, especially in florescence absent of irrigation, and the effect of furrowing was stronger, and the broadcasting was weaker. All application methods reduced the soil maximum temperature, increased the minimum temperature, and decreased the soil diurnal temperature changing, reduced the daily mean temperature; meanwhile broadcasting had greater influence on the earth＇s surface temperature, and furrowing had greater influence on the 10 cm soil layer temperature. Furrowing, mixing and broadcasting promoted spring wheat root distribution to deep soil, and increased the roots and total hiomass. Compared with the control, the yields of furrowing, mixing and broadcasting were increased by 22.6%, 16.3%, 8.0%, respectively. All application methods improved the water use efficiency, water production rate and water production rate of irrigation, in which the effect of furrowing was stronger, and the broadcasting was weaker. The results above indicate that furrowing is the optimum application method of BJ2101-L super absorbent polymer in Hetao irrigation district at spring wheat sowing.