侵入性水生生物质的快速资源化利用研究

Fast resource reutilization of invasive aquatic biomass

为了解决泛滥成灾的侵入性水生生物质所引发的环境生态问题,采用亚临界水热降解工艺对新鲜水生生物质进行快速资源化利用研究;试验以水葫芦、水浮莲和花鸟市场的绿色垃圾混合物为研究对象,在3L高温高压反应釜中考察不同的处理温度(150～280℃)和停留时间(0～60min)等水热条件对这2种水生生物质模型物水热资源转化为有机肥料的影响。结果表明:通过该工艺可以很好地将水葫芦和混合生物质转化为安全、稳定的有机肥料;处理得到的有机肥料产量随处理温度和停留时间的增加而减少;生物质材料中的纤维素和半纤维素组分随处理温度和停留时间的增加而被快速降解转化,但木质素在本研究试验所设置的温度和时间参数内不能被降解;对制成的肥料养分特性分析表明,用水葫芦和混合生物质制成的有机肥料具有较高的腐植酸质量分数(最高分别可达38.29%和41.76%)和氮磷钾总养分质量分数(最低值仍分别可达4.1%和3.0%),是一种良好的生态型有机肥料,具有很好的生态和社会效应。

In order to solve the potential environmental and ecological problem that was aroused by the enormous amounts of the invasive aquatic biomass, a fast disposal process that directly suberitieal hydrothermal conversion of those fresh aquatic biomass was developed according to the hydrothermal technology and the characteristic of high water content of aquatic biomass. This process was operated on a autoclave with a 3 L capacity, and the effects of hydrothermal conditions of different temperatures （150-280 ℃） and different retention time （0-60 min） on hydrothermal conversion of two model aquatic biomass were concentrated on. The two model aquatic biomass were water hyacinth and a mixed biomass sample （water lettuce and green waste of flower market）, respectively. The results showed that this process could convert successfully the two model aquatic biomass into ecological organic fertilizer after treatment. The yield of solid product, which was reutilized as organic fertilizer, decreased with increasing reaction temperature and retention time. Besides, the high content of lignocelluloses was fast decomposed with an elevated reaction temperature and a longer retention time, but the lignin could hardly be decomposed at the given reaction temperature and time of this test. The analysis result of fertilizer nutrient in solid product also showed that these two organic fertilizers were rich of humie acid and nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, in which the highest total humic acid amounts could reach as much as 38. 29% （for water hyacinth） and 41.76% （for mixed biomass）, and the total nutrient amounts were not less than 4.1 G （for water hyacinth） and 3.0% （for mixed biomass） among the all treatments. In conclusion, as using this hydrothermal process, the enormous amount of aquatic biomass can be effectively converted into organic fertilizer, and bring about great ecological and socio-environmental benefits.