牦牛皱胃组织结构及黏膜免疫相关细胞研究

Study on the Tissue Structure and Mucosal Immunity-associated Cells in Abomasum of the Yak

为揭示牦牛皱胃组织结构和黏膜免疫相关细胞的分布与数量变化的规律,采用组织化学法、图像分析法及透射电镜技术,对牦牛皱胃组织结构及上皮内淋巴细胞、浆细胞和肥大细胞变化进行了研究。结果表明:牦牛皱胃胃壁由黏膜层、黏膜下层、肌层和浆膜构成。皱胃幽门腺区胃小凹深度最深、腺体最长、肌层最厚;3个腺区肌层厚度、腺体长度之间差异极显著(P<0.01);幽门腺区与胃底腺区、贲门腺区之间胃小凹差异极显著(P<0.01),胃底腺区与贲门腺区之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。牦牛皱胃黏膜上皮内淋巴细胞数量和浆细胞数量,3个腺区之间差异不显著(P>0.05);肥大细胞数量以胃底腺区最多,幽门腺区最少,两者之间差异极显著(P<0.01),贲门腺区与胃底腺区和幽门腺区之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。皱胃各腺区固有层中均有大量的弥散淋巴细胞和孤立淋巴小结。电镜观察表明,胃小凹柱状上皮细胞排列紧密。幽门腺区固有层中有大量的黏液细胞,黏液细胞呈高柱状或锥体状,核位于基底部,在细胞顶端常聚集有较多的电子密度较高的颗粒。胃底腺区和贲门腺区有大量的壁细胞和主细胞。牦牛皱胃的组织结构和其他反刍动物基本相似,但各层有其明显特点。牦牛皱胃各腺区固有层中均有大量弥散淋巴细胞和孤立淋巴小结,使牦牛皱胃具有比其他反刍动物更强的黏膜免疫功能。

The aim of this study was to reveal the tissue structure and the distribution and number changes of abomasum mucosal immunity-associated cells in the yak. The tissue structure and intraepithelial lymphocytes, plasma cells and mast cells of abomasum in the yak were investigated with histochemical method, the scion image software analysis techniques method and the electron microscope technique. The results showed that there were mucousmembrane, submucosa, tunica muscularis and serosa in the abomasum of yak. The gastric pit was deepest in the pyloric gland region of abomasum, and this glandular region has also the longest gland and the thickest muscu- lar layer. The thickness of muscular and glands length in each glandular region of abomasum are significantly different （P〈0.01）. The gastric pit of the pylorus gland region is significantly dif- ferent （P〈0.01） with the fundus gland region, and it has also significantly difference compared with the cardiac gland region, but the gastric pit of the fundus gland region is quite similar （P〈 0.05） to the cardiac gland region. The number of intraepithelial lymphocyte and plasma cell ineach glandular region of abomasum are not significantly different（P〉0.05）. The number of the mast cells between the fundus gland region and the pyloric gland region are significantly different （P〈0.01）, the fundus gland region has most mast cells, and the pyloric gland region has the lest mast cells, but both of them are similar to the cardia gland region （P〉0.05）. There are a lot of diffuse lymphatic cells and solitary lymphoid nodules in the lamina propria of abomasum. Under the electron microscope, gastric pit columnar epithelial cells are aligned tightly. There are lots of mucous cells in the lamina propria of pylorus gland region, these cells are tall columnar or cone shape, their nucleus are located basally part of the cell, there are the high electrons density parti- cles are gathered in the top of these cells. There are a large number of parietal cells and chief cells in the fundus gland region and cardiac gland region. The structure of abomasum in the yak is similar to other ruminant animals, but each layer has its characteristics. There are quite a lot of diffuse lymphat ic cells and solitary lymphoid nodules in the lamina propria of abomasum in the yak, it make the aboma- sum mucosal immunity function of the yak stronger than other ruminant animals.