细胞自噬的诱导及检测技术在细胞生物学实验教学中的应用实例

The Application Example of Autophagy Induction and Testing Technology in Course of Cell Biology Experiment

细胞自噬是一种在进化上高度保守的溶酶体吞噬降解自身成分的胞内代谢途径。它与多种生理功能有关,如在饥饿、刺激等不利环境条件下,细胞通过自噬降解多余或异常的大分子,为细胞的生存提供能量及原材料,促进生物体的生长发育、细胞分化及对环境变化产生应答。但是,过度的自噬可以导致细胞死亡,因此自噬又被称为II型程序性细胞死亡,这是除凋亡和坏死之外的一种新的细胞死亡方式。另外,自噬异常与多种病理过程如肿瘤、神经退行性病变、病原体感染等密切相关。由于细胞自噬在生理和病理过程中都发挥着重要作用,因此,自噬成为细胞生物学领域的一个新的研究热点。以细胞自噬为研究内容,设计了适合在本科生课程中开设的细胞自噬的诱导及观察实验项目,对该实验项目的实验原理、实验设计与安排等进行了详细的介绍,为该项目在实验课程中的推广提供了有益的参考。

Cell autophagy is a highly conservative intracellular process,which degradates its own composition with lysosome.It relates to many physiological functions.It degradates excess or abnormal macromolecular during starvation,stimulation or something unfit for survival,in order to provide energy and raw materials for cells survival,promote the growth and development of the organism and cell differentiation,and respond to the environment changes.However,excessive autophagy can cause cell death,so autophagy is also known as type II programmed cell death,which is a new way to cause cell death besides apoptosis and necrosis.In addition,abnormal autophagy relates to a variety of pathological process such as cancer,neural degenerative diseases and pathogen infection,etc.Autophagy plays an important role in physiological and pathological process,so it becomes a new hotspot in the research of cell biology.In this paper,with autophagy as the research subject,we design the experiment about autophagy induction and observation suitable for undergraduate students.This paper introduces the experiment principle,the experiment design and arrangement in details,which provides valuable references for the popularization of this technology in experiment course.