“自我的道德地形学” 一个具有心理学和社会学意涵的本体诠释学理论

"The Moral Topography of the Self":An Ontological Hermeneutical Theory with Psychological and Sociological Implications

在当今中国,社会学、心理学研究领域中所强调的"文化自觉"的旨趣在于凸显文化主体性以及文化间的和平沟通。"自我的道德地形学"无疑对这一旨趣具有独特的理论启示意义,它构成了C.泰勒的巨著《自我的根源》的主体部分,并在其诠释学思想中占有基础地位。"自我的道德地形学"首先是作为一个心理学理论被提出来的,而它的社会学意涵在以其为基础的、C.泰勒的著名政治理论论文"承认的政治"中充分地得以展现。鉴于这一理论以兼具心理学和社会学意涵的本体论诠释为基础,对错综复杂的历史经验具有条分缕析的阐释力,因此,作者认为,对该理论所具有的启示意义予以深刻地把握,对中国社会学、心理学在方兴未文的跨学科文化研究领域建构基础性的平台具有重要意义。

The introduction and application of hermeneutics by contemporary Chinese scholars mainly focus on the fields of philosophy, theology, law, and literary theory, while the psychological and sociological implications of this approach are often neglected. ＂The moral topography of the self＂ by CharlesTaylor, a representative of the hermeneutical approach in contemporary social theories, will correct the bias. The ＂topography＂ leads to the main parts of Taylor＇s great book Sources of the Self, and occupies a basic position in his hermeneutical thoughts. Earlier than Sources of the Self, this theory was first published in a collection about the relationships between hermeneutics and psychological theories. Its sociological implications were demonstrated in Taylor＇s famous political theoretical paper The Politics of Recognition, which took it as its theoretical basis. In this writing, Taylorabsorbed and revised the classical psychological and sociological thoughts of Freud, Weber, and Durkheim, turning the ＂topography＂ into an ontological hermeneutical theory with the power of interpreting complicated historical experiences in a clear way. This theory has extraordinary significance to the ＂cultural self-awareness＂ of Chinese Sociology and Psychology, because it can strongly stimulate the interest of ＂cultural self-awareness＂ in empirical studies, that is, to highlight the cultural subjectivity and communicate peacefully between cultures. Both psychology and sociology embedded in culture have integrative perspectives which make these two sciences being recognized as the fundamental disciplines of humanity and social sciences. And between the two, sociology is more outstanding in its integrative power. Taylor＇s discussion of ＂the moral topography of the self＂ originates from psychological issues but concludes with strong sociological implications. This way of thinking and its framework are helpful to psychology and sociology, the latter, in particular. The theory will have its unique effects in the new wave of interdisciplinary cultural studies in China.