试论徐光宪的科学思想与科学方法

Study on Scientific Thought and Method of Xu Guangxian

徐光宪对科学理论合理性的评价是从理论概念与物质结构要素的对应、科学理论解释性的强弱等方面进行的。他认为化学学科有独特性,化学反应以及与化学反应相关的分子结构与性质研究,是化学独特的研究对象与问题领域,化学在该领域形成了自己的理论,并不能被还原为物理学。徐光宪用自己的多维分类法对知识进行分类,提出分类的目的是为了做出发现,在研究中亦利用分类进行思维和方法创新。用数学化的方法实现化学研究的精确性,借用模型抽象理论、简化研究程序,综合使用多种仪器设备、将旧仪器引入新领域、拓展仪器的功能,徐光宪为自己的研究需要改进和发明新工具的同时,还为其它研究者提供了便捷有效的工具。

The scientific thought and method of Professor Xu Guangxian is explored.He evaluates the rationality of theory of resonance by its explanatory power and the relationship of theoretical assumptions and the structure of chemical identities.He argues in favor of the autonomy of chemistry.He performs classification in multiple dimensions,and considers classification as an important method for knowledge discovery and creation.Mathematical and mechanistic models are used by him not only to make precise and accurate predictions,but also to simplify the industrial process.Furthermore,he is good at introducing the old instruments to the new research field and offering the instruments a significant increment in functional utility.