日本海洋立法新发展及其对我国的影响

New development of Japan's marine legislation and its impact on China

日本自进入21世纪以来,加强了国内的海洋立法,尤其是在海洋政策、海洋安全、海洋国土以及海洋资源方面的立法,以实施新的海洋战略。新的海洋立法为其在解决中日间有关钓鱼岛之争和东海划界产生有利影响的同时,对发展我国海洋战略空间、维护海上通道安全以及和平解决海洋争端产生了十分不利的影响。日本的海洋立法给予了我们一定的启示:(1)应加快制定新世纪国家海洋战略,以适应国际新形势;(2)完善综合应对海洋问题体制,以指导国内海洋事务;(3)进一步加强人才培养与海洋科技投入,实现我国海洋经济的可持续发展;(4)加强海上执法力量建设,有效地维护我国海洋权益;(5)增强民众海洋教育,提升全民海洋意识。研究亮点:对近年来日本海洋立法的新发展作了较为详细的介绍和分析,并分析了其可能对中国产生的影响。在此基础上,论述了日本海洋立法对中国的启示和意义。对完善国内海洋立法,综合性地处理海洋问题具有一定的参考价值。

From the beginning of the 21st century,Japan has strengthened national marine legislation to implement new marine strategy,especially in the aspects of marine policy,marine safety,marine territory and marine resources.To Japan,Japan＇s new marine legislation has a positive effect on dealing with Diaoyu Island problems and the delimitation on the East China Sea with China.To China,the new marine legislation has a negative effect on developing China＇s marine strategic space,maintaining ocean passage safety and solving marine disputes peacefully.Japan＇s marine legislation provides us some revelations：（1）Formulate the new century national oceanic strategy,to adapt to new international situation;（2） Improve the system on comprehensive approach to ocean problems,so as to command national marine affairs;（3） Further strengthen talent training and marine science and technology investment,to realize sustainable development of China＇s marine economy;（4） Strengthen maritime law enforcement reserves,to maintain China＇s marine rights and interests effectively;（5） Strengthen marine education to enhance people＇s marine awareness.