政策过程的绩效损失分析——以农村中小企业融资政策为例

Analysis on Performance Loss during Policy-making Process——A Case Study of Rural Small and Medium Enterprises Financing Policy

随着经济学上由完全理性向有限理性过渡,政策学领域也逐步引入有限理性、甚至超理性的政策理念。政策过程的供需差异是未被满足的政策需求,分为供需双方存在信息交流的显性差异和未发生信息交流的隐性需求,其中隐性需求往往被忽视。政策过程的绩效损失主要来源于信息未达的沟通盲点、缺乏良好预期的沟通断点以及外在约束造成的行为偏差。通过对政策过程的绩效损失进行数理分析和实测,提出了以下补救措施:研制政策要科学化、规范化;管理政策信息要专门化;了解微观主体的行为约束,合理设定政策目标;提高政策受众的参与度,下情上达。

Since the evolution of rationality from complete rationality to bounded rationality in economics,some new concepts including bounded rationality and super-rationality were also introduced into policy area.The discrepancy between demand and supply involves both apparent and hidden demand and the latter is always ignored.The performance loss during policy making process comes from the following three parts： blind point from scarcity of communication,break point from lack of nice prospective and action deviation associated with external restriction. Based on the analysis and measure of performance loss in policy-maing process,this paper puts forward the following methods to remedy the loss： research and making on policy should be finished in scientific and standard way;information on management policy should be specialized;the behaviour restraint of micro-subject should be known and the policy object should be rationally established;the participation in policy making should be widely spread so that the information can be passed from down to up.