菜粕堆肥与无机肥配施对烤烟产量和品质以及土壤微生物的影响

Effects of application of rapeseed cake compost combined with chemical fertilizer on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco and soil microorganism

通过大田试验,研究了不同比例的菜粕堆肥与无机肥配施(纯氮比例分别为0∶100、5∶95、10∶90、20∶80、30∶70)对烤烟产量和品质以及土壤微生物多样性的影响。结果表明:菜粕堆肥与无机肥配施后能获得与单施无机肥相近或较高的烤烟产量。与单施无机肥处理相比,配施处理上等烟比例提高了6%～10%。在不同菜粕堆肥与无机肥配施处理中,纯氮比例为10∶90的处理烤烟品质较好。随着菜粕堆肥替代比例的增加,烤烟根表细菌的数量逐渐增加,而真菌的数量则呈现先降低后增加的趋势,其中纯氮比例为20∶80的处理综合效果最好。综上所述,菜粕堆肥替代无机肥氮的比例为10%～20%时,既能保证烤烟产量,又能提高烤烟质量和改善土壤微生物多样性。

A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of application of rapeseed-cake-compost （ RCC ） combined with chemical-fertilizer（CF） （ the nitrogen ratio of RCC/CF included 0：100,5：95,10：90,20：80 and 30：70） on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco, and microbial diversity. The results obtained were listed as follows. The combined application of RCC with CF showed equal or even higher yields of flue-cured tobacco than the only application of CF. Compared with CF, the increased percentage of high quality tobacco in the treatments of combined application of RCC with CF was up to 6% -10%. The best quality of tobacco was found in the treatment of the nitrogen percentage of RCC/CF being 10：90 among the treatments of combining RCC with CF. The number of bacteria increased with the increased ratio of RCC to CF, while the number of fungi decreased firstly and increased afterwards. And the best effect was found in the treatment of the nitrogen percentage of RCC/CF being 20：80. The results obtained in the present research ensured that the best substitution percentage of CF by RCC was 10% -20% in terms of the yields and percentage of high quality tobacco and the soil microoganism.