基于空间视角的城乡收入差距与产业集聚研究

Study on Urban-rural Income Gap and Industry Agglomeration from the Spatial Perspective

借鉴新经济地理学的相关理论,把中间产品投入和产业集聚外部性分别引入农村和城市部门生产函数,通过模型推导出均衡条件下以产业集聚为核心的城乡收入差距决定因素的方程,并在方程中纳入空间相关因素,采用空间面板计量方法实证检验了中国省区城乡收入差距与产业集聚等影响因素的关系,研究发现:(1)相邻省区间的城乡收入差距存在正的相互影响,产业集聚等一系列影响因素对相邻省区间城乡差距的影响具有传递性和迭加性。(2)非农产业的空间产出密度和集聚规模指数、人力资本比度量的城乡全要素生产率比、城乡资本投入比、农村中间产品投入价格均扩大了城乡收入差距,城乡劳动力比缩小了城乡差距。

Based on the new economic geography theory, this paper introduces intermediate input and industrial agglomeration externality into rural and city production function respectively, derives the determinants equation of urban-rural income gap which takes industrial agglomeration as the core by constructing theoretical model under equilibrium conditions. Bringing spatial correlation factors into the equation, using spatial panel data econometrics, the paper conducts empirical study on the relationship between Chinese provincial urban-rural income gap and industrial agglomeration and other related factors. The resuh as follows, firstly, urban-rural income gap of neighboring provinces has a positive mutual influence, while industrial ag- glomeration and a series of influencing factors has a transitive and superpositive effect on urban-rural gap of neighboring provinces. Secondly, non-farming industrial space output density, agglomeration index, urban-rural total factor productivity ratio which is measured by human capital ratio, urban-rural capital investment ratio and rural intermediate input price all widens urban-rural income gap, and urban-rural labor ratio reduces urban-rural gap.