话语主观性的数量表达法

The Methods of Subjectivity Expressed by Quantifiers in Chinese

汉语中有不少包含数量词的格式颇有特色,其中的数量词并不表示实际的数量,而是以虚设的数量来表达说话者对事体或状态所达到的程度的评价与态度,这个数量词都能被一个表示语气或程度的副词性成分替换而基本意思不变,文章将这类表达法称之为主观性的数量表达法。这类数量表达法分为主观大量表达法与主观小量表达法两个小类。文章指出了这类数量表达法所表示的主观量的特点,并对其中所用到的主观量的计算方法进行了详细的描写与说明,采用加法增量和减法增量是其最基本的计量方式,凸显主观性是其最根本的表达功能,以转喻的方法化抽象的量为具体的量是其最显著的认知特色。

Some numeral-classifier compounds or quantifiers are characterized in their expression in the language of Chinese and can be replaced by an intensifier or an adverb of degree and have the equal expressive function in a way using an invented numeral-classifier and meaning no factual numeral quantities but the degree or condition evaluation and attitude of the speakers. They are named ＂the methods of subjectivity expressed by quantifiers＂ in this paper and are divided into large degree subjective quantifiers and small degree subjective quantifiers. This paper explores the functional subjective characteristic of these words and the detailed calculating methods of the subjective quantities： the methods of addition and subtraction as its foundation to focus on the basic functional subjectivity and transference from abstractive quantity to cognitive detailed quantity.