典型禾本科植物对石油污染土壤的修复作用

Remediation of petroleum contaminated soil by typical gramineous plants

石油类污染物对土壤生态系统的结构与功能造成了较为严重的破坏,影响植物的生长,甚至直接影响到人类健康。选择典型禾本科植物-高粱和玉米,通过盆栽实验,种植于模拟石油污染的土壤中,植物成熟收割后,通过测定土壤中总石油烃的含量,植物体中多环芳烃和直链烷烃的含量,研究高粱和玉米对石油污染土壤的修复作用。结果显示:在种植高粱、玉米后,土壤中总石油烃含量明显降低,并且在收获的高粱、玉米植物体中直链烷烃和多环芳烃含量明显高于空白对照组(未检出)。说明高粱、玉米对石油烃具有一定的去除作用,且高粱对土壤中石油烃的去除作用高于玉米;高粱、玉米对土壤中的多环芳烃和直链烷烃具有一定的积累与富集作用。

Petroleum contaminants in soil are destructive to the soil texture and the ecological function there,and have effects on the growth of plants there.They even pose heavy threat to health of human being nearby.Pot experiments were carried out with sorghum and corn in oil-contaminated soil（blank group was set） to study the remediation of petroleum contaminated soil by the gramineous plants.When the plants were reaped,content of total petroleum hydrocarbon in the soil,as well as the contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and straight-chain paraffin in these plant corpuses were detected.It was found that the content of total petroleum hydrocarbons in soil reduced much after the sorghum and corn were reaped.At the same time,the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and straight-chain paraffin in sorghum and corn corpuses planted in the contaminated soil was higher than that in the black group（not detected）.Conclusion can be made that sorghum and corn can remove the petroleum hydrocarbons in the contaminated soils and sorghum has the higher removal capacity than corn.On the other hand,the plants can accumulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and straight-chain paraffin from the soil.