湖南省丝虫病流行特点及防治效果

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND CONTROL OF FILARIASIS IN HUNAN PROVINCE

湖南省丝虫病分布于55个县、市。据1958年22个县、市调查,平均微丝蚴率为5.6％(180 046/3 194 102),晚期丝虫病患病率为3.3％。致倦库蚊和中华按蚊分别为我省班氏和马来丝虫病的主要媒介,自然感染率分别为3.0～9.O％和18.1～48.0％。1970年以后,全省开展了大规模的防治,以消灭传染源为主。在马来丝虫病和低度班氏丝虫病流行的18个县市进行反复查治,微丝蚴血症者给予海群生系统治疗;在中、高度班氏丝虫病和边远山区班氏丝虫病流行区的37个县、市,采取全民服用海群生药盐的措施。至1985年,以村为单位的微丝蚴率降至1％以下。1986年卫生部确认湖南省已达到基本消灭丝虫病标准。

Of 98 counties or cities in Hunan Province, 55 were endemic areas of filariasis. The average microfilaria rate was 5.64% (180046/3194102), and the incidence of advanced filariasis, including elephantiasis and hydrocele was 3.29 %. The number of filariasis patients in the whole province was estimated to be 1.63 million, comprising 1.25 million of microfilaretnia cases, Culex fatigans and Anopheles hyrcanus sinensis were the major vectors of bancroftian and malayan filariasis respectively in the province.Control strategies concentrated on the elimination of infection source were implemented on the basis of extensive investigations, and the ensuing examination and treatment of filariasis cases in pilot areas prior to the implementation of province-wide filariasis control. Repeated blood examinations and medications for 3-4 times were carried out in hypo-endemic areas of malayan filariasis, whereas mass treatment with hetrazan-medicated salt containing 0.2% to 0.5% DEC was carried out in meso-and hyper-endemic areas of bancroftian filariasis as well as those situated in remote mountainous regions for six months.Subsequent evaluation and clearance checking showed that microfilaria rate of the whole province has already dropped to <1%. That filariasis was basically eliminated in Hunan was recognized by the Evaluation Mission Group sent by the Ministry of Public Health in 1986.