脑卒中后吞咽障碍研究进展

A study on progress of dysphagia after stroke

目的:吞咽障碍是卒中后常见的并发症,严重影响预后,本文主要通过文献复习了解目前诊断、评估、治疗的方法,指导临床工作。方法:检索吞咽障碍的诊断,治疗等文献并进行分析。结果:卒中后吞咽障碍的发病率与病变部位,病变大小,检查时机,检查的方法等相关,诊断手段有饮水试验、进食试验和X线吞钡检查、血氧饱和度测定等,X线吞钡检查仍是金标准。治疗主要有吞咽康复、低中频电疗法、肌电图生物反馈疗法、针灸等治疗。由于评价标准不一,疗效较难有可比性。预后取决于病变的部位,真性球麻痹预后差。结论:吞咽障碍的诊断、评估标准化,才能很好的评估治疗效果,进一步确定有效的治疗措施。

Objective： Dysphagia is a common complication after stroke,and seriously affects the prognosis.In this paper,literature review was used to understand the diagnosis,evaluation,treatment modalities,to guide clinical work.Methods： the diagnosis and treatment literature of dysphagia were retrieved and analyzed.Results： The incidence of dysphagia after stroke was related to lesion,lesion size,check timing and check methods.Drinking water test,the test of consumption and X-ray barium meal examination,oximetry was the diagnostic tools,X-ray barium meal examination was still the gold standard.Conclusions： diagnosis,standardized assessment of dysphagia,could be a good assessment,and further to determine effective treatment measures.