不同质地潮土夏玉米推荐施肥方法研究

Studies on recommended fertilization methods of summer maize in different fluvo-aquic soil texture

为推动夏玉米科学施肥,在河南省砂壤、中壤和黏壤质潮土上采用田间试验研究了Nutrient Expert(NE)和Agro Services International Inc(ASI)法推荐施肥对夏玉米产量和经济效益的影响及基于NE推荐施肥的氮磷钾肥利用效率。结果表明,各推荐施肥处理夏玉米产量、纯收益和蛋白质产量均表现为黏壤>中壤>砂壤,NE推荐施肥处理的产投比最高,其次是ASI推荐施肥处理,推荐施肥可显著增加夏玉米植株养分积累量,促进籽粒产量和蛋白质产量的提高。在砂壤、中壤和黏壤上的NE推荐施肥处理比农民习惯施肥处理分别增产7.22%、3.84%和11.32%,ASI推荐施肥分别增产13.44%、10.60%和11.20%。NE推荐施肥处理中施氮对夏玉米的增产效应最大,氮肥农学效率和氮磷钾肥利用率均表现为黏壤>中壤>砂壤,磷、钾肥农学效率均表现为砂壤>黏壤>中壤,3种质地潮土的肥料农学效率均表现为磷肥>钾肥>氮肥。由此得出,NE推荐施肥适宜在黏壤质潮土推行,而ASI法推荐施肥适宜于砂壤和中壤质潮土。

Maize is the most cultivated grain crop in China. Realizing high yields of summer maize is important in ensuring food security in the country. There are, however, several known problems with summer maize production （e.g., excessive dosage and unreasonable periods of nitrogen application） that hinder high-yield realization. To increase fertilizer use efficiency and grain yield of summer maize, field experiments were conducted to determine the differences in summer maize yield, economic benefits, N, P and K use efficiency between Nutrient Expert （NE） and Agro-Services International Inc （ASI） recommended fertilizations in sand-loam, medium-loam and sticky-loam fluvo-aquic soils in Henan Province. The results showed that NE recommended fertilization treatment significantly increased maize yields in the three different soil textures. Summer maize yield, economic benefits and protein contents were all significantly different （P 〈 0.05） for the three soil textures and were in the order of clay-loam 〉 medium-loam 〉 sandy-loam soils. The output/input ratio of NE recommended fertilization treatment was higher than that of ASI recommended fertilization. Recommended fertilization treatments significant increased plant nutrient accumulation, which benefited grain protein and yield. Compared with farmer conventional fertilization （CK）, maize yield increased by 7.22%, 3.84% and 11.32% for NE recommended fertilization treatment and by 13.44%, 10.60% and 11.20% for ASI recommended fertilization treatment in sandy-loam, medium-loam and clay-loam soils, respectively. N fertilizer increased yield the most under NE recommended fertilization treatment. N agronomic efficiency, use efficiencies of N, P and K fertilizers were in the order of clay-loam 〉 medium-loam 〉 sandy-loam. However, P and K fertilizers agronomic efficiencies were in the order of sandy-loam 〉 clay-loam 〉 medium-loam. Fertilizer agronomic efficiency was in the order of P fertilizer 〉 K fertilizer 〉 N fertilizer in all the three soil textures. NE recommended fertilization was most suitable for clay-loam fluvo-aquic soil, while ASI recommended fertilization performed best in sandy-loam and medium-loam fluvo-aquic soils.