地下水超采引起的地裂缝灾害的研究进展

Advances of research on the earth fissure induced by groundwater over-exploitation

近几十年来,国内外学者对地下水开采引起的地裂缝问题进行了大量研究,取得了许多丰硕的科研成果。总体来说,在地裂缝的成因机制方面学界尚未形成一个统一的观点;在地裂缝数值模拟方面,由仅考虑土体一维垂向变形发展到同时考虑土体垂向和水平向变形、地下水流模型和土体变形模型由不耦合发展到流固耦合,对开采地下水条件下土体变形的本构关系由弹性发展到弹塑性、粘弹塑性,特别是在地裂缝形成的判别准则方面由过去的定性判别发展到半定量判别。由于地裂缝问题本身的复杂性,目前的研究还远不够成熟,仍有许多问题需要解决。

In recent decades, the earth fissure induced by groundwater withdrawal has been studied around the world and many remarkable achievements have been obtained. Generally speaking, there is no unified conclusion about the mechanism of the earth fissures＇ formation. In research on numerical simulation of earth fissure, the models have experienced the development from one-dimension to multiply-dimension, from uncoupling to Fluid-Solid Coupling, from elastic to elastic-plastic and visco-elastic-plastie, from qualitative to semi quantitative. Since the complexity of earth fissure formation, current research is far from mature, thus many problems remain unsolved.