应用中国膳食平衡指数评价深圳市劳务工的膳食质量

Measuring diet quality of labor workers in Shenzhen using Chinese diet balance index

目的采用中国膳食平衡指数（DBI）法评价深圳市劳务工的膳食质量及其模式。方法2009年5月采用分层随机抽样方法抽取深圳市宝安区、龙岗区、南山区工业区的14所集体食堂，每家食堂再采用随机数字表法抽取60名劳务工，对总共840名劳务工进行膳食调查；采用DBI评分法评价深圳市劳务工的膳食质量。结果深圳市劳务工人群谷类和肉禽类食物摄入量中位数分别为483．8和121．7g／d，高于推荐食物摄入量水平（谷类为250-400g/d，肉禽类为50-70g／d）。水果、奶类和蛋类的食物摄人量中位数分别为37．3、20．6和23．5g/d，低于推荐食物摄入量水平（水果为200-400g／d，奶类为300g／d，蛋类为25-50g／d）；男女劳务工DBI-负端分（LBS）得分分别为24．4±6．1和22．6±6．3，差异有统计学意义（t=4．21，P〈0．01）。〈20、20-29、30-39、≥40岁年龄组劳务工人群DBI-正端分（HBS）分值分别为12．7±5．9、11．3±6．3、12．8±6．4和11．2±5．6（F=3．67，P：0．01）。劳务工人群存在7种膳食模式，8．2％（68／830）的人膳食模式为模式A，采用膳食模式B和E的劳务工人群的比例分别为37．3％（310／830）和31．0％（257／830）。结论DBI法较好地评价了深圳市劳务工人群膳食质量的总体情况及存在的问题；有必要对劳务工人群开展针对性的营养教育，适量增加水果、奶类、蛋类的摄入，以改善该人群的营养状况。

[ Abstract] Objective To evaluate the overall diet quality and diet model of labor workers in Shenzhen using Chinese Diet Balance Index （ DBI）. Methods In May 2009,14 canteens from Baoan, Longgang and Nanshan districts were selected by stratified random sampling and 60 workers were randomly selected from each canteen by using random number method. Diet measurements were carried out among the 840 labor workers. Diet quality was evaluated by using DBI scoring and evaluating system. Results The median values of labor workers＇ food intakes of cereal and meat ＆ poultry were 483.8 and 121.7 g/d,which were more than the recommended amounts of their intakes of Chinese residents （cereal：250 -400 g/d, meat ＆ poultry ：50 - 70 g/d）. The median values of the labor workers＇ intakes of fruit,dairy and eggs were 37.3, 20. 6 and 23.5 g/d,whicb were less than recommended amounts in fruits （200 -400 g/d） ,dairy （300 g/d） and eggs （25 - 50 g/d ） . The DBI-HBS scores of males and females in Shenzhen migrant workers were 24. 4 ± 6. 1 and 22.6 ± 6. 3, respectively with a statistically significant difference （ t = 4. 21, P 〈 0. 01 ）. DBI-HBS scores of 〈 20 age group, 20 - 29 age group, 30 - 39 age group and ≥40 age group in labor workers were 12. 7 ± 5.9,11.3 ± 6. 3,12. 8 ± 6.4 and 11.2 ± 5.6 respectively （ F = 3.67, P = 0. 01 ）. There were 7 dietary patterns among labor workers in this survey. Nearly 8.2% （ 68/830 ） of them belonged to Pattern A. Pattern B and E were the main dietary patterns,which accounted for 37.3% （310/830） and 31.0% （257/830） of the total population. Conclusion DBI can describe and evaluate the overall dietary quality and the major problem of the dietary patterns in labor workers. It is necessary to strength nutritional education to increase the intake of fruits, milk and eggs to improve nutritional status in labor workers in Shenzhen.