北京市丰台区公众呼吸道传染病相关健康素养及行为调查

A survey on respiratory infectious diseases related health literacy and health behavior in Fengtai district , Beijing

目的评测北京市丰台区公众的呼吸道传染病相关健康素养，分析其影响因素，探索其与健康行为的关系。方法2011年6月在北京市丰台区采用多阶段抽样的方法确定1100名研究对象，对其采用自行设计的问卷进行调查，内容包括社会人口学特征、健康素养测评和健康行为测评3部分。应用SPSS13．0软件，对调查结果进行统计学描述，应用方差或协方差分析对健康素养的影响因素及其与健康行为的关系进行分析。结果收回有效问卷998份，有效应答率为90．7％。调查对象的年龄范围为15-65岁，其呼吸道传染病相关健康素养（以下简称健康素养）得分为（71，3±19．0）分。低（〈60分）、中（60-85分）、高健康素养者（〉85分）所占比例分别为25．7％（256／998）、43．2％（432／998）和31．1％（310／998）。户籍人口、非户籍人口的健康素养得分分别为（74．1±18．9）、（68．4±18．8）分，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。健康素养各题型正确率从高到低依次为视听（77．6％，4647／5988）、网络操作（75．2％，2251／2994）、阅读（74．6％，3724／4990）、识图（68．3％，4090／5988）、计算（65．5％，5230／7984）。经方差分析或协方差分析发现，不同年龄、民族、文化程度、职业、收入水平人群健康素养的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），不同性别、婚姻状况人群健康素养的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。调查对象的呼吸道传染病相关健康行为得分为（69．7±15．5）分。低、中、高健康素养者行为得分依次升高，分别为（64．5．4-15．0）、（70．4±15．6）、（72．5±14．9）分，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论北京市丰台区公众具备一定的呼吸道传染病相关健康素养，年龄、民族、文化程度、职业和收入是健康素养水平的影响因素，健康素养水平高的人群其健康行为水平也相应较高。

[ Abstract] Objective This study aims to survey respiratory infectious disease related health literacy （RIDHL） and health behavior （RIDHB） among residents in Fengtai district, Beijing, analyze impact factors of RIDHL , explore the association between RIDHL and RIDHB. Methods Multistage sampting was employed and 1100 respondents were surveyed by self-designed questionnaires, which including social-demographic characteristics and evaluation of RIDHL and RIDHB. The survey results were discribed , the impact factors of RIDHL and the association between RIDHL and RIDHB were analyzed by analysis of variance or covariance. Results A total of 998 qualified questionnaires were recollected with the effective rate of 90.7%. The respondents aged from 15 to 65, scored （71.3 ± 19. 0） points in RIDHL test. Of those respondents, 25.7% （ 256/998 ） , 43.2% （432/998） and 31.1% （310/998 ） were evaluated as low（ 〈 60 points）, medium （60 -85 points）, and high level（ 〉 85 points） of RIDHL, respectively. There were significant difference in RIDHL scores between registered and non-registered residents, who scored （74.1 ± 18.9） and （68.4 ± 18.8 ） points, respectively （ P 〈 0.01 ）. RIDHL sections were ranked as audiovisual （ 77.6% , 4647/5988 ）, internet using （ 75.2% , 2251/2994 ） , reading （ 74.6 % , 3724/4990 ） , map using （68.3% , 4090/5988） and quantitative（65.5% , 5230/7984） according to the accurate rates from high to low. Analysis of variance or covariance showed that RIDHL scores were significantly different among respondents with different ages, nationalities, educational levels, occupations, and incomes （P 〈 0.01 ） , yet no significant differences among those with different genders and marital status （ P 〉 0.05 ）. Respondents scored （69.7 ± 15.5） points in RIDHB test. The RIDHB scores （ （64.5 ± 15.0）, （70.4 ± 15.6）, （72.5 ± 14.9）points, respectively）increased among residents with low, medium and high level of RIDHL （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusion Residents in Fengtai district, Beijing possessed medium level of RIDHL. The non-registered residents showed lower RIDHL than registered residents. Ages, nationalities, educational levels, occupations, and incomes were impact factors of RIDHL. People with higher level of RIDHL also showed a higher level of RIDHB.