重庆市主城区中学生预防近视知识和行为状况

Cognitive level and practice of myopia prevention among middle school students in main cities of Chongqing

目的了解重庆市主城区中学生预防近视相关知识水平及行为现状,为预防和控制近视提供科学依据。方法分层整群随机抽取重庆市主城区6所中学的1 737名中学生,对其预防近视知识及相关行为进行问卷调查。结果重庆市主城区中学生各项知识的正确回答率为22.28%～97.18%,各项正确行为的保持率为1.73%～69.31%,且认知正确率高于正确行为保持率(P值均<0.05)。相关知识的认知正确率,重点中学高于普通中学学生,近视学生认知正确率高于视力正常学生,父母文化程度越高,认知正确率也越高。行为方面,重点中学学生"不关灯看电视"和"看电视时位于电视屏幕正前方"的行为保持率较普通中学高,但"长时间用眼后远眺"和"每日睡眠时间≥8 h"的行为保持率较低,且差异有统计学意义;视力正常学生正确行为保持率较近视学生高,且差异有统计学意义。父母文化程度较高,"不躺在床上看电视"的行为率较高,但"长时间用眼后远眺"和"每日睡眠时间≥8 h"的行为率较低,且差异有统计学意义。结论重庆市主城区中学生预防近视行为保持率与知识认知率不成比例,出现认知率高,正确行为保持率却没有相应增高的现象。

Objective To investigate situation of cognitive level of preventing myopia among the middle school students and to analyze the reasons,so as to provide reliable evidence for preventing and control of myopia.Methods Using stratified cluster random sampling method,investigation was done for middle school students from main cities of Chongqing.Results The correct response rate of the knowledge of preventing myopia was 22.28% to 97.18% and the right act rate was 1.73% to 69.31%.The cognitive level was higher than the correct rate of behavior and there was a statistical significant difference（P0.05）.There was a statistical significant difference in the cognitive level at different school types,different vision level and different parents＇ literacy among middle school students,and the correct rate in key middle school students were higher than normal ones,the correct rate in students who had myopia was higher than normal vision students,the parents who had higher education level had a better recognition accuracy.On the respect of ＂keeping the lights on when watching TV＂ and ＂watching TV in the front of the screen＂,the students in key middle school was higher,but behavior rate of ＂had a overlooking after a long-time eyes using＂ and ＂daily sleeping time ≥ 8h＂ was low and there was a statistical significant difference.The rate of keeping correct behavior in normal vision students was higher than that in myopia students,and the difference was statistically significant.With higher levels of parents＇ education,students had a higher behavior rate of ＂not lying in bed watching TV＂ but the behavior rate of ＂overlooking after a long-time eyes using＂ and ＂daily sleeping time ≥8 h＂ was low and there was a statistical significant difference.Conclusion In main city of Chongqing,the awareness rate of preventing myopia is higher than the correct behavior rate.However,the cognition rate of preventing myopia and the retention rate of keeping correct behavior is disproportionate.There is a phenomenon that the correct behavior rate has not been corresponding with the relatively higher cognition rate.